School Facilities and Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate school facilities and teaching effectiveness in Biology in Secondary Schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area. To achieve this objective, two research questions were formulated for the study. A survey research design was employed in the study. The population of the study was twenty five (25) Biology teachers from ten (10) public Secondary Schools in the area.
The instrument for this study was a questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on school facilities and teaching effectiveness (QSFTE)”. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage. The study revealed that availability of laboratory and libraries facilities influences teaching effectiveness in Biology in Essien Udim Local Government Area. Based on the findings it was recommended that Biology teachers should develop positive attitude towards the use of Laboratory and library facilities for their teaching as this will developed their proficiency in the teaching of Biology in secondary schools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Delimitation of the Study
1.7 Limitation of the Study
- Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Concept of School Facilities
2.2 Availability of Laboratory Facilities and Teaching Effectiveness in Biology
2.3 Availability of Library Facilities and Teaching Effectiveness in Biology
2.4 Theoretical Framework
2.5 Empirical Framework
2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Area of the Study
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Instrumentation
3.5 Validation of the Instrument
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Interpretation of Data
4.2 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Suggestions for further research
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Schools are established for the purpose of teaching and learning. It is also more important that the teachers and learners are properly accommodated to facilitate the teaching and learning process. There has been an increasing attempt by educationists and psychologists over the years to look for ways of enhancing educational outcome of learners as well as output of teachers. Many studies have been carried out to show that among other things, school facilities enhance teaching and learning effectiveness in sciences.
Ekanem (2001) has shown that the school facilities assist teachers in making their lessons explicit to learners. Eneh and Nkang (2001) in postulation theory of cognitive development have shown that learners in schools function at the operational stage of mental development, one of the characteristics of the students at this stage of development is that they hardly remember what they learn except taught in concrete form. It is when learning experiences are made in concrete form that learners can remember what they learn and one way of making learning experiences concrete is by teaching the students with school facilities such as laboratory, library and sporting facilities among others.
Akinfolarin (2008) identified school facilities as the major factor contributing to the teaching and learning effectiveness in the school system. These include equipped laboratories and libraries. Different studies conducted by Ayodele (2000) and Vandiver (2011) showed that a positive relationship exists between availability of facilities in schools and teaching effectiveness. Similarly, Miller (2003) asserted that the teaching of science could be made easy and interesting for students if the facilities such as laboratory facilities and library facilities in the school are available and utilized in the teaching and learning process.
It is also noted that a well prepared instruction could be destroyed by non-availability or improper utilization of school facilities by the teachers. According to Boniface (2012) utilization of laboratory and library facilities in teaching assists the teachers as the manager of the instructional process in the arrangement of the mechanics of the presentation and also in planning the whole instructional process and limited or completely absence of these facilities could pose a serious problem in the teaching of science (Biology inclusive). Again few available ones are sometimes not utilized in the teaching-learning process making teaching to be in effective.
It is against this background that it becomes necessary to investigate the extent to which school facilities such as laboratory and library facilities influence the teaching effectiveness of Biology in secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area.
School Facilities and Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The act of teaching is fundamentally concerned with parsing ideas, skills and attitude from the teacher to the learners. In Nigeria for example, experience has shown that spoken words done in the communication of ideas are grossly ineffective and inefficient in producing desired learning outcomes. Every year, when the results of public examinations are released, there has been mass failure in biology.
On the fore-going scholars like Ekong (2014) have emphasized that we learn and remember 10% of what we hear, 40% of what we discuss with others and as high as 80% of what we experience directly or practice. However, the question is could the mass failure be attributed to lack of school facilities to be used by teachers during the teaching of biology? and could the availability of laboratory and library facilities in schools influence the teaching effectiveness of teachers in Biology.
Finding answers to these questions and many more summarizes the entire problem of this study.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of school facilities on teaching effectiveness in Biology in Essien Udim Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State specially the study aimed at the following objectives:
(1) Examine the influence of availability of laboratory facilities on teaching effectiveness of teachers in biology.
(2) Investigate the influence of availability of library facilities on teaching effectiveness of teachers in biology.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions were formulated to guide the study.
(1) To what extent does availability of Biology laboratory facilities influence teaching effectiveness in Biology?
(2) To what extent does availability of library facilities influences teaching effectiveness in Biology?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will make teachers realize that children at secondary school age learn easily through the use of school facilities priority in sciences especially in biology. The finding of this study will give information to all stake holders in education on the benefit of school facilities. It will also be importance to the students in the secondary schools by enabling them acquire greater knowledge, attitude and skills through the utilization of school facilities in the teaching-learning process. The findings of this study will serve as reference materials for further studies or related topics.
1.6 Delimitation of the Study
Of all the variables that can influence the teaching effectiveness of teachers in Biology this study delimited itself to only two of them namely laboratory and library facilities and their influence if any on the teaching effectiveness of teachers in biology in selected public secondary schools in Essien Udim LGA of Akwa Ibom State.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
The major factors encountered by the researcher that limited the scope of this study and its findings were lack of adequate finance, the researcher’s academic workload and scarce availability of relevant literature.
- Definition of Terms
The following terms were operationally defined as were used in this study.
School Facilities: School facilities refer to those materials in the school such as laboratory and library facilities.
Teaching Effectiveness: Teaching effectiveness is the act of helping others to learn Biology effectively.
School: School is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the guidance and supervision of teachers.
School Facilities and Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
A review of the study under the following headings: summary, recommendation, conclusions, and suggestions for further study is presented in this chapter.
5.1 Summary
The study investigates school facilities and teaching effectiveness in Biology in Secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area. The study examines the influence of school laboratory facilities and school library facilities and teaching effectiveness of teachers in Biology. Two research questions were formulated to guide the study. Literature was reviewed based on variables of the study.
The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study was 25 biology teachers in all the ten (10) public secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Data for the study were generated through an instrument titled “Questionnaire on school facilities and teaching effectiveness (QSFTE)”. Descriptive statistics (percentage) was used in analyzing the data generated for the study.
- Availability of laboratory facilities influences the teaching effectiveness in Biology in secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area.
- Availability of library facilities influences the teaching effectiveness in Biology in Essien Udim Local Government Area.
5.2 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that;
(1) Teachers in biology should develop positive attitudes towards the use of laboratory and library facilities for their teaching as this will encourage the development of their proficiency.
(2) Government should lend to support and encouraged the school by organizing in- services training, seminars on how to use laboratory and library facilities in teaching biology.
(3) Above all, laboratory and library facilities that are relevant to the subject should be purchased and used henceforth in teaching and learning process to make such lessons permanent interesting practical and meaningful for longer lasting impression and impact on students. Regular supply of laboratory and library facilities should be embarked upon by the government at all level.
5.3 Conclusion
Based on the research findings of this study the following conclusions were made:
- Availability and utilization of school laboratory facilities influence teachers’ teaching effectiveness of Biology in secondary schools.
- Availability and utilization of school library facilities influence teachers teaching effectiveness of Biology in secondary schools.
5.4 Suggestions for further research
In view of the scope and limitation of this study, the researcher suggests further research on:
Laboratory facilities and academic performance of students in Biology in Essien Udim Local Government Area.
Library facilities and academic performance of students in Biology in secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area.
